佛教故事——启迪智慧,自在人生
古印度教派林立,其中有在思想领域占统治地位的宗教,也有远比佛教主张先进的派别;但是,它们只囿于一时、一地,只有佛教发展成为世界性的大宗教。这在很大程度上得益于释迦牟尼生动、形象的说法。释迦牟尼具有极高的语言艺术,是一个十分出色的演说家。他运用通俗朴素的语言,生动活泼的故事,多方比喻,因事立说,使佛教获得了越来越多的信仰者。释迦牟尼采用的故事,大多是流传于古代印度、尼泊尔、斯里兰卡、大月氏等地的民间传说,反映了当时人民群众的爱憎、祈求与希望。因此,在内容方面,这些故事赞美自我牺牲、反对剥削掠夺,赞美众生平等、反对种姓分立,赞美知恩图报、反对背信弃义,赞美尊亲敬长、反对不养不孝,赞美勇敢智慧、反对怯懦愚痴,赞美和平、反对战争,赞美无私、反对贪婪,赞美仁爱、反对暴虐,赞美诚实、反对虚伪,赞美谦逊、反对傲慢。这一切,不仅在当时具有进步意义,至今对于建设良好的社会风气、培养真善美的人格仍然具有一定作用。在形式方面,这些故事散文与偈(诗歌)兼用,语言活泼,有的跌宕起伏、引人入胜,有的短小隽永、令人称绝。传入汉地以后,对于中国文学的发展产生过很深的影响,至今读起来也饶有趣味。
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