Stats: Statistics are produced by Spotify to help to understand how many downloads it is getting, or how many people are listening. Your device’s IP address and user agent is used to help calculate this figure. Here is more detail about podcast statistics.

Tracking and attribution: Spotify or its partners may connect the fact you listened to this podcast to an action elsewhere on the internet. For example - it may spot a device that downloaded an episode of later visited the website of an advertiser; or it may track that a device that listened to also listened to a different show. This form of attribution is used to measure advertising effectiveness.

Dynamic content insertion: Spotify may use limited data that they know about you - the device you’re using, the approximate location you’re in, or other data that can be derived from this, like the current weather forecast for your area - to change parts of the audio. may do this for advertising or for other forms of content, like news stories.

This is hosted by Spotify: this may mean that Spotify require you to log in to listen, and from that, they will know considerably more about you, including your email address and potentially a connection with your Facebook account and data.

is able to use the above tools since its podcast host or measurement company offers this service. It doesn’t mean that this individual podcast uses them, or has access to this functionality. We use open data.